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Carleton College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in the historic town of Northfield, Minnesota. The college currently enrolls 2,042 undergraduate students, and employs 242 instructional faculty members. Carleton is one of few liberal arts colleges that runs on the trimester system. Founded in 1866 as Northfield College, the college has since been renamed, often ranked among the top liberal arts colleges, and considered one of the "Hidden Ivies".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=National Liberal Arts Colleges - Best Undergraduate Teaching )〕〔()〕 In its 2015 edition of national liberal arts college rankings, ''U.S. News & World Report'' ranked Carleton tied for eighth-best overall with Haverford and Claremont McKenna and first for undergraduate teaching.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Best Colleges – National Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings )〕 The 1,040-acre rural campus is located next to the adjoining 880-acre Cowling Arboretum, which became part of the campus in 1920. The school's location in Northfield places it 40 miles from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan complex. The architecture of campus buildings ranges from Collegiate Gothic to contemporary, with the first building built in 1872 and the most recent in 2011. Since 2000, the institution has produced 104 National Science Graduate Fellows, 91 Fulbright Scholars, 24 NCAA Postgraduate Scholars, 21 Watson Fellows, 13 Goldwater Scholars, and 2 Rhodes Scholars.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carleton College )〕〔()〕 Carleton is also one of the largest sources of undergraduate students pursuing doctorates per one hundred students for bachelors institutions.〔(Baccalaureate Origins Peer Analysis ), Centre College, accessed February 23, 2008〕〔National Science Foundation| url=http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf08311/〕 In 2015, the school was designated a "Top Producer of Fulbright Awards for American Students at Bachelors Institutions" with 4 grants awarded that year ranking it tied for 29th for undergraduate student awards. ==History== The school was founded on October 12, 1866, when the Minnesota Conference of Congregational Churches unanimously accepted a resolution to locate a college in Northfield. Two Northfield businessmen, Charles Augustus Wheaton and Charles M. Goodsell, each donated of land for the first campus. The first students enrolled at the preparatory unit of Northfield College in the fall of 1867. In 1870, the first college president, James Strong, traveled to the East Coast to raise funds for the college. On his way from visiting a potential donor, William Carleton of Charlestown, Massachusetts, Strong was badly injured in a collision between his carriage and a train. Impressed by Strong's survival of the accident, Carleton donated $50,000 to the fledgling institution in 1871. As a result, the Board of Trustees renamed the school in his honor. The college graduated its first college class in 1874, in which the first two graduates, James J. Dow and Myra A. Brown, married each other later that year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carleton College )〕 On September 7, 1876, the James-Younger Gang, led by outlaw Jesse James, tried to rob the First National Bank of Northfield. Joseph Lee Heywood, Carleton's Treasurer, was acting cashier at the bank that day. He was shot and killed for refusing to open the safe. Carleton later named a library fund after Heywood. The Heywood Society is the name for a group of donors who have named Carleton in their wills. In its early years under the presidency of James Strong, Carleton reflected the theological conservatism of its Minnesota Congregational founders. In 1903, modern religious influences were introduced by William Sallmon, a Yale Divinity School graduate, who was hired as college president. Sallmon was opposed by conservative faculty members and alumni, and left the presidency by 1908. After Sallmon left, the trustees hired Donald J. Cowling, another theologically liberal Yale Divinity School graduate, as his successor. In 1916, under Cowling's leadership, Carleton began an official affiliation with the Minnesota Baptist Convention. It lasted until 1928, when the Baptists severed the relationship as a result of fundamentalist opposition to Carleton's liberalism, including the college's support for teaching evolution.〔Mark A. Greene, ("The Baptist Fundamentalists Case Against Carleton, 1926-1928" ), ''Minnesota History'' magazine, Spring 1990, pp. 16-26, Minnesota Historical Society.〕 Non-denominational for a number of years, in 1964 Carleton abolished its requirement for weekly attendance at some religious or spiritual meeting.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carleton History )〕 In 1927, students founded the first student-run pub in the nation, The Cave. Located in the basement of Evans Hall, it continues to host live music shows and other events several times each week. In 1942, Carleton purchased land in Stanton, about east of campus, to use for flight training. During World War II, several classes of male students went through air basic training at the college. Since being sold by the college in 1944, the Stanton Airfield has been operated for commercial use.〔(Stanton Airfield site, with history )〕 The world premiere production of the English translation of Bertolt Brecht's play, ''The Caucasian Chalk Circle'', was performed in 1948 at Carleton's Nourse Little Theater. In 1963 the Reformed Druids of North America was founded by students at Carleton, initially as a means to be excused from attendance of then-mandatory weekly chapel service. Within a few years, the group evolved to engage in legitimate spiritual exploration. Meetings continue to be held in the Carleton College Cowling Arboretum. President Bill Clinton gave the last commencement address of his administration at Carleton, on June 10, 2000, marking the first presidential visit to the college. The school saw an increase in applicants in 2001, with over 4,000 applying for entry into the institution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carleton College」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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